| Dates | Characters | Theories and discoveries |
| 1514 | Nicolaus Copernicus | Writes about heliocentric theory but does not yet publish |
| 1515 | Leonardo Da Vinci | Progress in mechanics, aerodynamics and hydraulics |
| 1537 | Niccolo Tartaglia | Trajectory of a bullet |
| 1551 | Girolamo Cardano | Studies of falling bodies |
| 1553 | Giambattista Benedetti | Proposed equality of fall rates |
| 1543 | Nicolaus Copernicus | Heliocentric theory published |
| 1546 | Gerardus Mercator | Magnetic pole of Earth |
| 1572 | Tycho Brahe | Witnesses a supernova, this show that the heavens are not changeless |
| 1574 | Tycho Brahe | Observes that a comet is beyond the moon |
| 1576 | Tycho Brahe | Constructs a planetary observatory |
| 1576 | Thomas Digges | Illustration of an infinite universe surrounding a Copernican solar system |
| 1577 | Tycho Brahe | Observes that a comet passes through the orbits of other planets |
| 1581 | Galileo Galilei | Constancy of period of pendulum |
| 1581 | Robert Norman | Dip of compass shows that Earth is a magnet |
| 1584 | Giordano Bruno | Suggests that stars are suns with other Earth’s in orbit |
| 1585 | Giovanni Benedetti | Impetus theory is better than Aristotle’s physics |
| 1585 | Simon Stevin | Law of equilibrium |
| 1586 | Simon Stevin | Pressure in column of liquid |
| 1586 | Simon Stevin | Verification of equality of fall rates |
| 1589 | Galileo Galilei | Showed that objects fall at the same rate independent of mass |
| 1592 | Galileo Galilei | Suggests that physical laws of the heavens are the same as those on Earth |
| 1592 | Galileo Galilei | Primitive thermometer |
| 1593 | Johannes Kepler | Related planets to platonic solids |
| 1596 | David Fabricius | Observes a variable star, (Mira Ceta |






Follow Science Ireland